PART9: American Identities

A Crisis of Identity: The Panama-Pacific International Exposition, 1915



	Refracting history: Ives and Emerson and the Nineteenth-Century European Tradition in America by Christopher Bruhn

	Americanizing Californians: Americanization in California from the Progressive Era through the Red Scare by Anne Woo-Sam

	A Crisis of Identity: The Panama-Pacific International Exposition, 1915 by Susan Luftschein

	Modern American Fashion Design American Indian Style by Mary Donahue

	Expanding The American Experience: The Liberator 1918-1924 by Antoinette Galotola

	John Dewey’s Philosophy, American-Style 1910-1929: On How Philosophy Was Made American by Jonathan Lang

	Fifteen Years After: Matthew Baigell’s “American Art and National Identity: the 1920s by Jane Necol



	Barbara Groseclose, Nineteenth Century American Art by Veronique Chagnon-Burke

	Going Native: Review of Bruce Wilshire, The Primal Roots of American Philosophy: Pragmatism, Phenomenology, and Native American Thought by Jonathan Lang

	Milton Brown, American Painting from the Armory Show to the Depression by John Angeline

	Molly H. Mullin. Culture in the marketplace: gender, art, and value in the American Southwest by Nancy Grove

by Susan Luftschein

1. See Frank Morton Todd, The Story of the Exposition, 5 vols. (New York, 1921).

2. For detailed histories of the Panama Canal, see John Major, Prize Possession: The United States and The Panama Canal 1903-1979 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993); David McCullough, The Path Between the Seas: the Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870-1914 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1977); William L. Sibert and John F Stevens, The Construction of the Panama Canal (New York: Appleton, 1915).

3. Santayana coined this term for a lecture of the same name delivered in 1911 to an audience in California. George Santayana, “The Genteel Tradition in American Philosophy,” in The Genteel Tradition: Nine Essays by George Santayana, ed. Douglas L. Wilson, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967), 37-64. For a general discussion of the Gilded Age, see Sean Cashman, America in the Gilded Age (New York & London: NYU Press, 1988).

4. See Sean Cashman, America in the Age of the Titans: The Progressive Era and World War I (NY: New York University Press, 1988).

5. The 1876 Philadelphia Centennial celebrated the one-hundredth anniversary of America’s independence; the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition, the four-hundredth anniversary of Columbus’s discovery of America; and the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the one-hundredth anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase.

6. Todd, 348.

7. Ben Macomber, The Jewel City. (San Francisco: John H. Williams, 1915), 27.

8. David Parkinson, History of Film (New York: Thames and Hudson, 1995), 27.

9. Richard Koszarski, An Evening’s Entertainment: The Age of the Silent Feature Picture, 19154-1928 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 99.

10. A. Stirling Calder, “Sculpture at the Exposition,” Sunset Magazine 32 (March 1914): 611.

11. Juliet James, Sculpture of the Exposition Palaces and Courts (San Francisco: H.S. Crocker Co., 1915), 4.

12. Stella G.S. Perry, The Sculpture and Murals of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition (San Francisco: The Wahlgreen Co., 1915), 3.

13. James, 5.

14. Macomber, 149.

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